Engine Component Description

Camshaft Two camshafts are used, one for all intake valves, the other for all exhaust valves. The camshafts are driven by two camshaft sprockets which in turn are driven by the secondary timing chain. Compressor Air Intake Turbocharger The turbocharger is a variable nozzle design with an electric vane actuator attached to the exhaust manifold. The turbocharger supplies compressed air from the turbine/impeller to the engine to increase power. It also results in higher fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions. Crankshaft The crankshaft is forged steel with 4 counterweights. It is supported by 7 main journals with main bearings which have oil clearance for lubricating. The thrust bearing is located at the 6th main journal. A crankshaft pulley is used to control torsional vibration. The sprocket for the primary drive chain is machined directly on the crankshaft. An oil pump sprocket is integrated on to the crankshaft along with a timing reluctor ring. Cylinder Head This cylinder head is dual over-head camshaft (DOHC) that has 4 valves per cylinder. The cylinder head is made of cast aluminum. Engine Block The engine block is cast aluminum with 6 pressed in iron sleeves. The block has 7 crankshaft main bearings with one thrust bearing set. Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve The engine coolant flow control valve is attached under the intake manifold. The engine coolant flow control valve has two actuators, one is the block valve and the other is the control valve. The engine coolant flow control valve consists of two chambers. The first chamber controls the coolant flow rate across the radiator and bypass. The second chamber controls the flow to the transmission and engine oil cooler, providing heated coolant from the EGR/Turbocharger return circuit or cold coolant directly from the pump outlet, as required based on coolant temperature sensor feedback. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) feed port is always open. Exhaust Manifold The exhaust manifold is located on the cylinder head. It is designed to endure high pressure and high temperature. The turbocharger is mounted on the exhaust manifold. High Pressure Diesel Fuel Injection System The high pressure fuel pump supplies pressurized fuel through the high pressure fuel lines to the fuel rail and then through the fuel injector lines to the fuel injectors. Excess fuel returns to the fuel tank through the fuel return pipes. Hydraulic Valve Lash Adjuster The valve train uses a valve rocker arm acted on by a hydraulic valve lash adjuster. The valve rocker arm reduces friction and noise. Intake Manifold The intake manifold is made of composite material and provides air flow to the cylinder combustion chamber through the throttle body. Lower Crankcase Extension The lower crankcase extension bolts to the engine block and contains the oil pump. The oil pump is fastened directly to the lower crankcase extension. The oil pump is a variable vane pump driven by a wet timing belt, which is driven by the oil pump sprocket. Lower Oil Pan The lower oil pan is made of duel-layer stamped aluminum and is attached at the lower crankcase extension. Positive Crankcase Ventilation System The positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve carries blow-by gas to the turbocharger inlet of the intake system. The amount of blow-by gas varies according to the engine conditions, driving conditions and the pressure of turbocharger. The PCV valve is designed to control the amount of blow-by gas. Valves There are 2 intake and 2 exhaust valves per cylinder.